Dr. Karen E. Hodges  |  Professor, Conservation Biology

Selected publications

Reviews and meta-analyses

Volkmann, L., J. Hutchen, and K.E. Hodges. 2020. Trends in carnivore and ungulate fire ecology research in North American conifer forests. Forest Ecology and Management 458: 117691.

Hutchen, J., L.A. Volkmann and K.E. Hodges. 2017.  Experimental designs for studying small mammal response to fire in North American conifer forests. International Journal of Wildland Fire 26: 523-531.

Keinath, D, D. Doak, K. E. Hodges, L. Prugh, W. Fagan, C. Sekercioglu, S. Buchart, and M. Kauffman. 2016.  A global analysis of species sensitivity to habitat disturbance. Global Ecology and Biogeography 26:115-127.

Prugh, L.R., K.E. Hodges, A.R.E. Sinclair, and J.S. Brashares. 2008. Effect of habitat area and isolation on fragmented animal populations. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 105:20770-20775.

Wildfire and wildlife

Volkmann, L.A. and K.E. Hodges. 2022. Residual forest structure influences behaviour of Pacific marten (Martes caurina) on post-fire landscapes. International Journal of Wildland Fire, in press.

Kelly, A.J. and K.E. Hodges. 2022. Post-fire salvage logging alters impacts of recent wildfire on small mammal communities and abundances in summer. Journal of Mammalogy, in press.

Volkmann, L.A. and K.E. Hodges. 2021. Post-fire movements of Pacific marten (Martes caurina) depend on the severity of landscape change. Movement Ecology 9:49.

Kelly, A.J. and K.E. Hodges. 2020. Post-fire salvage logging reduces snowshoe hare and red squirrel density in early seral stages. Forest Ecology and Management 473:118272

Hutchen, J. and K.E. Hodges. 2019. Impact of wildfire size on snowshoe hare relative abundance in Southern British Columbia, Canada. Fire Ecology 15:37.

Hutchen, J. and K.E. Hodges.  2018. Snowshoe hare foraging behaviour in post-fire conifer forests. Canadian Journal of Zoology 97:446-452.

Vanbianchi, C., M.A. Murphy, and K.E. Hodges.  2017. Canada lynx use of burned areas: conservation implications of changing fire regimes. Ecology and Evolution 7:2382-2394.

Cheng, E., K.E. Hodges, and L.S. Mills. 2015. Impacts of fire on snowshoe hares in Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Fire Ecology 11:119-136.

Hodges, K.E., L.S. Mills, and K.M. Murphy. 2009. Distribution and abundance of snowshoe hares in Yellowstone National Park. Journal of Mammalogy 90: 870-878.

Conservation law, policy, and leadership

Caviglia-Harris, J., K.E. Hodges, B. Helmuth, E. Bennett, K. Galvin, M. Krebs, K.R. Lips, M. Lowman, T. Schuur, and L.A. Schulte-Moore. 2021. The six dimensions of collective leadership that advance sustainability objectives: rethinking what it means to be an academic leader. Ecology and Society 26:9.

Westwood, A.R., S.P. Otto, A. Mooers, C. Darimont, K.E. Hodges, C. Johnson, B.M. Starzomski, C. Burton, K. Chan, M. Festa-Bianchet, S. Fluker, S. Gulati, A.E. Jacob, D. Kraus, T. Martin, W.J. Palen, J.D. Reynolds, and J. Whitton. 2019.  Protecting biodiversity in British Columbia: recommendations for developing endangered species legislation. Facets 4:136-160.

Bird, S. and K.E. Hodges. 2017.  Critical habitat designation for Canadian listed species: slow, biased, and incomplete. Environmental Science and Policy 71:1-8.

Prugh, L.R., A.R.E. Sinclair, K.E. Hodges, A.L. Jacob, and D.S. Wilcove. 2010. Reducing threats to species: threat reversibility and links to industry. Conservation Letters 3:267-276.

Hodges, K.E. and J. Elder. 2008. Critical habitat designation under the ESA: court-ordered designations use more criteria. Biological Conservation 141:2662-2668.

Hagen, A.N. and K.E. Hodges. 2006. Resolving critical habitat designation failures: can we reconcile law, policy, and biology? Conservation Biology 20:399-407.

Bobcats, caracal, and Canada lynx

Teichman, K.J., B. Cristescu, L. Crevier, M. J. O’Riain, and K.E. Hodges. 2023. Movement choices of persecuted caracal on farmlands in South Africa. Rangeland Ecology and Management 88:77-84

Newbury, R.K. and K.E. Hodges. 2019. A winter energetics model for bobcats in a deep snow environment. Journal of Thermal Biology 80: 56-63.

Newbury, R.K. and K. E. Hodges. 2018.  Regional differences in winter diets of bobcats in their northern range. Ecology and Evolution 8:11100-11110.

Gooliaff, T. and K.E. Hodges. 2019. Error rates in wildlife image classification. Ecology and Evolution 9:6738-6740.

Gooliaff, T. and K.E. Hodges. 2018. Measuring agreement among experts in classifying camera images of similar species. Ecology and Evolution 8:11009-11021.

Gooliaff, T. and K.E. Hodges. 2018. Historical distributions of bobcats and Canada lynx suggest no range shifts in British Columbia. Canadian Journal of Zoology 96: 1299–1308.

Gooliaff, T., R.D. Weir, and K.E. Hodges. 2018. Estimating bobcat and Canada lynx distributions in British Columbia from provincial records and citizen science.  Journal of Wildlife Management 82:810-820.

Vanbianchi, C., W.L. Gaines, M.A. Murphy, and K.E. Hodges. 2018.  Connectivity of fragmented landscapes for Canada lynx.  Ecology and Evolution 8:11293–11308.

Vanbianchi, C., M.A. Murphy, J. Pither, W. Gaines and K.E. Hodges. 2017.  Habitat selection by Canada lynx: making do in heavily fragmented landscapes.  Biodiversity and Conservation 26:3343-3361.

Snowshoe Hares

Cheng, E., K.E. Hodges, R. Sollman, and L.S. Mills. 2017. Genetic sampling for estimating density of common species. Ecology and Evolution 7:6210-6219.

Hodges, K.E., J.A. Cunningham, and L.S. Mills. 2014. Avoiding and escaping predators: movement tortuosity of snowshoe hares in relation to risk of habitat. Ecoscience 21: 97-103.

Cheng, E., K.E. Hodges, J.M. Ferreira, P.C. Alves, and, L.S. Mills. 2014. Conservation implications of the evolutionary history and genetic diversity hotspots of the snowshoe hare. Molecular Ecology 23:2929-2942.

Lewis, C.W., K.E. Hodges, G.M. Koehler and L.S. Mills. 2011. Influence of stand and landscape features on snowshoe hare abundance in fragmented forests. Journal of Mammalogy 92:561-567.

Hodges, K.E. 2000. The ecology of snowshoe hares in northern boreal forests. pp. 117-162 in Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States, editors L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires.  University Press of Colorado, Boulder. 

Hodges, K.E. 2000. Ecology of snowshoe hares in southern boreal and montane forests.  pp. 163-206 in Ecology and Conservation of Lynx in the United States, editors L.F. Ruggiero, K.B. Aubry, S.W. Buskirk, G.M. Koehler, C.J. Krebs, K.S. McKelvey, and J.R. Squires.  University Press of Colorado, Boulder.

Urban ecology

Shivram, A., N. Sivasothi, C-D Hsu, and K.E. Hodges. 2023. Population distribution and causes of mortality of smooth-coated otters in Singapore. Journal of Mammalogy 104:496-508 .

Reptiles and amphibians

Tesche, M.and K.E. Hodges. 2015. Rethinking biogeographic patterns: high local variation in relation to latitudinal clines for a widely distributed species. Oecologia 179:139-149.

Tesche, M. and K.E. Hodges. 2015. Unreliable population inferences from common trapping practices for freshwater turtles. Global Ecology and Conservation 3:802-813.

Williams, K., K.E. Hodges, and C.A. Bishop. 2015.  Hibernation and oviposition sites of Great Basin gophersnakes (Pituophis catenifer deserticola) near their northern range limit. Journal of Herpetology 49:207-216.

Williams, K., K.E. Hodges, and C.A. Bishop. Phenology and Demography of Great Basin gophersnakes near the northern range edge. Herpetological Conservation and Biology 9: 246-256.

Williams, K., K.E. Hodges, and C.A. Bishop.  2012. Small reserves around hibernation sites may not adequately protect mobile snakes. Canadian Journal of Zoology 90:304-312.

Grassland restoration and community ecology

Meineke, J., F.I. Doyle, and K.E. Hodges. 2023. Raptors benefit from biosolids applications on rangelands. Avian Conservation and Ecology, 18(1):25.

Ormrod, A., F.I. Doyle, K.J. Lawson, and K.E. Hodges. 2021. Niche partitioning of avian predators in northern grasslands amended by biosolids. Ecology and Evolution 11:6248–6259.

Melaschenko, N. and K.E. Hodges. 2020. Density and habitat selection of mice on cheatgrass-invaded sites in British Columbia. Journal of Arid Environments 181:104242.

Melaschenko, N. and K.E. Hodges. 2020. What factors predict path tortuosity of Great Basin pocket mice in shrub-steppe habitat invaded by cheatgrass? Journal of Mammalogy 101:226–233.

Buers, M., F.I. Doyle, K.J. Lawson, and K.E. Hodges. 2019. Effects of biosolids amendments on American Kestrel nest site selection and diet. Canadian Journal of Zoology 97: 1186–1194.

Gaudreault, E., R.G. Lalonde, K.J. Lawson, F.I. Doyle, and K.E. Hodges.  2019. Biosolids application increases grasshopper abundance in the short-term in a northern grassland. Rangeland Journal 41:55-64.

Gieselman, T.M., K.E. Hodges, and M. Vellend. 2013. Human-induced edges alter grassland community composition. Biological Conservation 158: 384–392.

Bats in British Columbia

Rensel, L., K.E. Hodges, and C.L. Lausen. 2022. Maternity colony social structure of myotis in British Columbia, Canada. Behavioral Ecology and Sociology 76:159.

Rensel, L., K.E. Hodges, and C.L. Lausen. 2023. Myotis roost selection is influenced by seasonal thermal needs. Journal of Mammalogy, in press.

Lawson, K.J., C.L. Lausen, K.A. Mancuso, L.A. Volkmann, T. Gooliaff, J. Hutchen, K.J. Teichman, A.J. Kelly, and K.E. Hodges. 2019. Bat activity and richness in beetle-killed forests in southern British Columbia. Journal of Mammalogy 100:510-517.

Songbirds

Mancuso, K.A., K.E. Hodges, M. Grosselet, J.E. Elliott, J.D. Alexander, M. Zanuttig, and C.A. Bishop. 2022.  Mercury toxicity risk and corticosterone levels across the breeding range of the Yellow-breasted Chat. Ecotoxicology doi: 10.1007/s10646-021-02510-6.

Mancuso, K.A., K.E. Hodges, J.D. Alexander, M. Grosselet, A.M. Bezener, L. Morales, S.C. Martinez, J. Castellanos-Labarcena, M.A. Russello, S.M. Rockwell, M.E. Bieber and C.A. Bishop. 2021. Migration and overwintering ecology of the yellow-breasted chat.  Journal of Ornithology doi.org/10.1007/s10336-021-01931-8.

Mancuso, K.A., M.A. Fylling, K.E. Hodges, M.B. Lancaster, C.A. Bishop, and K.R. Stone. 2021. Migration ecology of western Gray Catbirds. Movement Ecology 9:10.

Ecological terminology and communication, teaching

Hodges, K.E. 2016.  Enhancing student engagement and learning via the optional Biodiversity Challenge.   Global Ecology and Conservation 5:100-107.

Hodges, K.E. 2014. Clarity in Ecology: terminological prescription is the wrong route. Bioscience 64:373

Hodges, K.E. 2008. Concepts not terms: the author responds. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 6:179.

Hodges, K.E.  2008. Defining the problem: ecological terminology and progress in ecology.  Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment 6: 35-42.